The Battle Over Abortion Essay - 626 Words

The Battle Over Abortion Abortion is very controversial because it involves many issues, for example: When does life begin? Is quantity of life more important that quality? Or some people ask, is abortion murder? There are two main sides to this debate, there’s Pro-Choice and Pro-Life. The name Pro-Choice is given to those who believe abortion should be legal. One of the main Pro-Choice groups is The National Abortion Campaign. The name Pro-Life is given to opponents of abortion. The two main Pro-Life groups in the UK and Ireland are the Society for the Protection of Unborn Children and LIFE. P ro-Choice believe that it is a woman’s right to decide what to do if she is pregnant and†¦show more content†¦And that a human being exists from the moment of conception. This means that a single cells formed at conception has the potential to develop through all stages of a human lifespan. A lthough the word abortion is not mentioned in the bible, there are many references to support the belief that the unborn child is a living person and deserves the rights and respect for all human beings. Genesis 1:27 â€Å"So God created human beings, in his own image.† Psalm 139:13-16 â€Å"You created every part of me; you put me in my mother’s womb. I praise you because you are to be feared; all you do is strange and wonderful. I know it with all my heart. When my bones were being formed, carefully put together in my mother’s womb. When I was growing there in secret, you knew that I was there – you saw me before I was born.† Then ultimately, if it is accepted that the unborn child is human, there is the sixth commandment: â€Å"Thou shalt not kill.† T Here are certain basic facts about this issue that all Christian churches can agree with. For example, the statement by the Presbyterian Church that: â€Å"The scriptures leave us in no doubt that from his earliest days in the womb, the unborn is fully human, a person made in the image of God†. However, there do seem to be some differences of opinion when it comes to the question of abortion for the victims of rape, or in theShow MoreRelatedAbortion is Murder Essay example1461 Words   |  6 PagesThe battle over abortion began with the case of Roe versus Wade on January 22, 1973. This conflict has quickly become one of the most predominant matters of society. By analyzing philosophical theories, biological facts, and psychological affects of abortion, one is able to conclude that abortion is murder. Through education and awareness programs, abortion can be acknowledged as immoral and unethical, thus preventing such crimes from being committed. This process of education starts with the recentRead MoreCivil Court Case Of Roe V. Wade1332 Words   |  6 PagesDoes This Mean War? Abortion has been one of the most controversial topics of America fought between two sides since the 1800s. It was not until the 1973 Supreme Court case of Roe v. Wade, that the two sides that are known today as Pro-Choice and Pro-Life emerged as the names of the people fighting for each of their thoughts and beliefs. Why does any battle, fight, or war start? Well, because two sides cannot get what they each want. One wants freedom of choice and the other wants the baby’s lifeRead MoreAbortion : A Common Medical Procedure979 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion remains a common medical procedure in today’s society, even though its rates have steadily dropped since 2000. Studies show that one in three women will have an abortion sometime in their life. There has been a constant religious and political debates between health care and abortion services. Many people believe they shouldn’t have to pay for their own abortion, just like they don’t have to pay for their birth control, doctor visits, or dental. This is an accusation that many pro-life peopleRead MorePersuasive Essay On Contraceptives1180 Words   |  5 Pagespeople living on earth. A solution to this is contraceptives. We need to make them more affordable and accessible for everyone and everywhere in order to reduce population A question that is asked around when people get pregnant is, â€Å"Will you choose abortion, adoption, or parenting?† Those are just three of the options when others get pregnant. However, all of it could have been prevented by using contraceptives. In the article â€Å"High Teen Pregnancies Blamed on Contraceptives†, it states that, â€Å"TwentyRead MoreThe Controversial Issue Of Abortion1555 Words   |  7 Pagestopic of abortion in the United States has been and remains one of the most controversial issues in western culture and politics. An abortion can be defined as the expulsion of a fetus from the uterus before it can survive on its own. This comprises two major forms of abortion: spontaneous, which is often referred to as a miscarriage or induced abortion, which is the deliberate termination of a pregnancy. The term is commonly used to refer to the induced abortion, and this is the abortion, which hasRead MorePro Life Vs Pro Choice Debate1636 Words   |  7 PagesPro-Choice Debate History of Abortion The 1973 court case Roe v. Wade was a landmark decision for United States history, and it still remains very controversial today. The Court ruled that the right to privacy applied to a woman’s choice to have an abortion, therefore legalizing the action. Abortion is officially defined as the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy. Today there are two groups continuing this battle, â€Å"pro-life† and â€Å"pro-choice†Read MoreAbortion is Woman’s Right to Choose Essay example1532 Words   |  7 PagesAbortion is Woman’s Right to Choose With so many women choosing to have abortions, it would be expected that it would not be so greatly frowned up, yet society is still having problems with its acceptance. Every woman has the fundamental right to decide for herself, free from government interference, whether or not to have an abortion. Today, more than ever, American families do not want the government to trample on their right to privacy by mandating how they must decide on the most intimateRead MoreErnest Hemingway s Hills Like White Elephant1237 Words   |  5 Pagesdecision, keeping their unborn child or having an abortion based on several different suggestions described. The reader must interpret their dialogue and body language to infer their backgrounds and their attitudes with respect to the situation at hand, and their attitudes toward one another. What the American thinks is best solution to their pregnancy, Jig thinks otherwise. The idea that the abortion will lift the heavy fog that has fallen over their r elationship. The American makes several referencesRead MoreEssay On Gov. Bruce Rauner844 Words   |  4 Pagestaxpayer-funded abortion access in Illinois? It was never any secret that Gov. Rauner and his wife, Diana, are longtime supporters of the abortions-rights lobby. However, Gov. Rauner won the Republican primary and subsequent general election by convincing anti-abortion voters and principled Republicans that he was genuine in the statement he repeated over and over during his campaign: He is focused on fixing Illinois’ myriad economic issues and has â€Å"no social agenda.† Anti-abortion advocates areRead MorePolice Brutality, Technology, And Abortion1172 Words   |  5 Pagesprograms instituted for some specific results. In order for the society to improve, there should be a main focus on what makes the development horrible such as; , police brutality,technology, and abortion. Police abuse remains one of the most serious human rights violations in the United States. Over the past years, police have acted out in ways that have made people wonder â€Å"are our officers of the law really doing their job?† Unjustified shootings, severe beatings, fatal choking’s, and

Death Of A Salesman Tragedy Essay - 1365 Words

Death of a Salesman is a tragic play written in 1949 by Arthur Miller. The story is about a salesman who lost his identity after having an affair with another woman and can’t seem to accept the changes in his life since the event. The story has been performed in theaters and shown on film for many years. Lee Siegel, a writer for The Nation explains the role of Death of a Salesman in the entertainment industry: Every ten years or so, Death of a Salesman is revived, and every ten years we get the same interpretations: Willy the impossible dreamer, Willy the conformist, Willy the American nightmare on the obverse side of the American dream. Maybe on this sixty-third anniversary of the play—the very age of its enigmatic protagonist—it is†¦show more content†¦As seen throughout Death of a Salesman, Willy Loman isn’t a renowned character to begin with. Rather, Loman is just a plain salesman who’s having a challenging time succeeding. For this reason, Willy Loman doesn’t fit the description of a protagonist in a Greek tragedy, according to Aristotle. However, one may propose that Willy does fit the character because of his personal flaws. Willy was known for venerating his self-perception and holding an elevated level of haughtiness. Throughout the play, we constantly see the attention that Willy craves as he desires for success amongst his failing care er. Willy has a successful older brother Ben who’s in the mining industry overseas. If Willy’s job was at risk, why couldn’t he simply join his successful brother and recover from this personal saga? The answer is, Willy held very highly of himself and thought he could achieve being the best. We see this all throughout the play and here is one example: WILLY: That’s just what I mean, Bernard can get the best marks in school, y’understand, but when he gets out in the business world, y’understand, you are going to be five times ahead of him. That’s why I thank Almighty God you’re both built like Adonises. Because the man who makes an appearance in the business world, the man who creates personal interest, is the man who gets ahead. Be liked and you will never want. You take me, for instance. I never have to wait in line toShow MoreRelatedThe Tragedy in Death of a Salesman Essay932 Words   |  4 PagesModern domestic tragedies began between the late 19th century and feature ordinary people to be the heroes/anti-heroes unlike Greek tragedies in which the protagonist was of high status or noble birth. â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller is a classic example of this and features the anti-hero Willy showing the audience how his perfect family lifestyle has falling apart contributing to t he disorder of his world which increases as his mind slowly deteriorates. Through the play Willy is strivingRead More The Tragedy of EveryMan in Death of a Salesman Essay1663 Words   |  7 PagesThe Tragedy of EveryMan in Death of a Salesman      Ã‚   Will you take that phony dream and burn it before something happens? I dont say hes a great man. Willy Loman never made a lot of money; his name was never in the paper; hes not the finest character that ever lived. But hes a human being, and a terrible thing is happening to him. So attention must be paid ... Attention, attention, must be finally paid to such a person. from Death of a Salesman    Only in America. The AmericanRead MoreEssay on Death of a Salesman: Tragic but Not a Tragedy1360 Words   |  6 PagesDeath of a Salesman: Tragic but Not a Tragedy Though a more modern version of tragedy in its’ classical sense, Death of a Salesman in many ways is very much like an ancient Greek play. In his ‘Poetics’ Aristotle tries to set out the common ideas throughout tragedy, attempting to demystify the necessary elements for such plays. One of his main ideas was that of the ‘Three Unities’ - that of Space, that of Time and that of Action. He stated that all the action of a tragedy must occur inRead More Death of a Salesman - A Modern Day Tragedy Essay1184 Words   |  5 PagesDeath of a Salesman - A Modern Day Tragedy The question which arises within Death of a Salesman is, Is this a modern Tragedy? A tragic play can be commonly observed when a protagonist falls from a great height. His decline is not about immediate death, although in most cases death becomes apparent at the end of the play, e.g. Macbeth. A tragedy shows the suffering of a character and utter compulsion of him if he does not succeed to reach his dream. These plays show the blissful releaseRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman: Illusion In An American Tragedy Essay1738 Words   |  7 PagesWhen the realities of life become too harsh, humankind has a natural tendency to choose the most convenient solution to his problem: illusion. They build dreams and fantasies to conceal the more difficult truths of their lives. In his play Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller portrays the hold of such illusions on individuals and its horrible consequences. Through the overly average, overly typical Loman family, Miller shows how dreams of a better life become, as Choudhuri put it, â€Å"fantasies to theRead MoreEssay about Death of A Salesman as a Modern Tragedy1976 Words   |  8 PagesDeath of A Salesman as a Modern Tragedy      Ã‚   It has been stated that the audience needs to have mixed feelings about the destruction of a human being for a play to be a tragedy. To establish Death of A Salesman as a tragedy, we must demonstrate that not only does the audience feel sadness due to Willy’s demise, but also they feel that justice has been exacted on Willy for his behavior. As this is the case I will first examine the reasons why the audience feels sadness for Willy, and then goRead More Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman is A Modern Tragedy Essay1044 Words   |  5 PagesArthur Millers Death of a Salesman is A Modern Tragedy  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      In the fourth century B.C., Aristotle set forth his description of dramatic tragedy, and for centuries after, tragedy continued to be defined by his basic observations. It was not until the modern age that playwrights began to deviate somewhat from the basic tenets of Aristotelian tragedy and, in doing so, began to create plays more recognizable to the common people and, thereby, less traditional. Even so, upon examinationRead MoreEssay on Common Man Tragedy in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman1778 Words   |  8 Pages The idea of dramatic tragedy is a classical one, discussed in Aristotles Poetics. Before it can be established as to whether Miller really has written a tragedy or not, the very concept of tragedy must be investigated. Aristotle asserted, Tragedy is a representation, an imitation, of an action.1? He went on to outline the common features tragic drama must have. Tragedy has six elements, which, in order of importance, are: plot, character, thought, music, langua ge, and spectacle. The plot requiresRead MoreDeath of a Salesman vs. Tragedy and the Common Man1220 Words   |  5 PagesIt makes little sense that tragedy should only pertain to those in high ranks. As explained in his essay Tragedy and the Common Man, Arthur Miller establishes the pattern for his own notion of a tragedy and the consequent ramifications for the tragic hero. This pattern supports the central idea that a tragedy can occur for characters who are common men as well as those in high places. Throughout his paper, Miller demonstrates that it should be possible for every reader to be able to identify withRead MoreWilly Loman, the Modern Hero in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman1739 Words   |  7 Pages In Arthur Miller’s essay â€Å"Tragedy and the Common Man†, a picture is painted of a â€Å"flaw-full† man, known as the modern hero of tragedies. Miller describes what characteristics the modern tragic hero possesses and how he differs from the heroes depicted by classic Greek playwrights such as Sophocles and Aristotle. In order to understand how drastically the modern hero has evolved, one must first understand the basic characteristics that the heroes created by Sophocles and Aristotle encompass. The

International Business Law Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Economic and International Business Law. Answer: Introduction Running a business in the home nation is still easy when compared to running the business operations overseas. This is because the environment of the nation is known to the company and the majority of changes can be easily foreseen (Grnig and Morschett, 2017). Most importantly, the fine details of running the business in a successful manner are easier to comprehend in home nation. These details are often difficult to comprehend in case of international market. As a result of this, the companies often rely upon forming temporary relations in the target market and only after the success or failure of this venture, are further steps taken. The three key legal relationships which can be utilized for this purpose include agency, distributor and joint venture (Schlegelmilch, 2016). Regina Plc (fictitious company) is amongst the top five tourism companies in France. However, off late, it has come to the notice of the company that there are a high number of tourists attracted towards Brazil, due to Christ Redeemer Statue in Rio de Janeiro, which is one of the 7 Wonders of the World (Edney and Poirier, 2012). And this is also due to the popularity of carnival festival (JustLuxe, 2014). In order to tap this market, the company looks forward to establishing a permanent base in the long run, to be able to take advantage of the demographics. But before that is done, the company is looking forward to establish a temporary base in the nation, for which, the three legal relationships, as options would be evaluated. Once that is done, the terms which has to be included in the best option would be presented. Legal Relationships As stated in the introductory segment, Regina Plc has the option of agency, distributor and joint venture. The three options have been analysed in this segment, based on their suitability for the company. Agency Agency is such a legal relationship in which there are three key parties, i.e., the principal, the agent and the third party. In agency, the agent works on behalf of the principal, as per the authority that is given to the agent by the principal and the transactions are undertaken by agent with the third party (Noonan, 2010). As the agent works on behalf of the principal, he effectively represents the principal, which makes the principal liable for the acts done by the agent towards the third party. In every jurisdiction, there is the applicability ofcommon law andagency law is a part of the common law. Under this law, the agent can hold three kinds of authorities, i.e., express, implied and ostensible (Morse, 2010). So, even when the agent has not been specifically asked to do a particular thing, the principal can be made liable where the third party is made to believe through actions or through conduct that the agent has the required authority to carry on the work. This would make the principal liable even when the agent breaches their express authority. Due to these reasons, the agency form is deemed as an unfavourable option in general (Nguyen, 2007). There are other characteristics of agency as well, which make it as an attractive option before the parties. The biggest advantage is the control of the party (principal) over the work of the agent (O'Kelley and Thompson, 2017). This is in terms of the agent selling only the products of the principal and offering their express services only. This allows the principal to train the agent and their employees and also regulate the manner in which the product would be sold by them. Unlike the other forms, the cost of agent does not put an additional burden on the costing of the product and the agents are paid on commission basis (Boundy, 2016). Hiring an agent of the target nation helps in bringing the knowledge of the local market, which can help the company in expanding its business in a successful manner. Also, the principal retains the ownership of the product and so, the services of the company are offered in the name of the company only (Cahn and Donald, 2010). This would allow the name of Regina Plc to continue while running the business in Brazil. However, agency form is not preferable for Regina Plc owing to the high liabilities associated with this form, particularly in the context of ostensible authority, which could result in a misuse of powers by the agent. This is also because the allegiance of an agent can still shift, and there can also be a lack of efforts by the agent. Distributor The next option available with Regina Plc is to opt for a distributor model. In a distributor form of legal relationship, the company hires a distributor who sells the product or offers the services of the principal but under his own name. This results in the ownership of the product being transferred to the distributor. The distributor purchases the product from the principal and sells it in the target market under his own name, resulting in the identity of the principal being lost (Mullet, 2017). This is amongst the leading disadvantages of this legal relationship as the company can profit from the sales but losses its brand value. Another problem with this method is that the principal has no control over the operations of the distributor. They cannot train the staff of the distributor or ask them to sell the product in a particular manner (Alliance Expert, 2017). Also, the distributor sells different products at a single time period which means that focus on the product of the pri ncipal is divided, if not lost (Murphy Marketing, 2016). In this very feature lies the merit of distributorship as the company does not have to risk its name in a new market and the feasibility as well as acceptability of the product can be checked without putting the name of the company at a risky position. The distributors often provide after sale services and the other supporting services, which makes a product more attractive to the customers (Salzano, 2014). Also, there is no liability as is present in case of agency model, as there is no applicability of express, implied or ostensible authority in such cases. Though, the demerits outweigh the merits of this option. The costs of the product are raised as the distributors add their own margins to the product which results in higher costs. In order to avoid this from happening, the companies have to absorb their costs which results in their margin of profit being reduced (Scotter, 2017). Due to these reasons, even a distributor model proves to be unattractive for the company. This is because the work of the company is attracting the tourist and the brand value for the company is important if the company wants to establish a long term establishment in the nation. And so, the company needs to look at the other alternatives for expanding the business in Brazil. Joint Venture The third and possibly most substantial option present before Regina Plc is to form a joint venture with a company of Brazil, which is also engaged in tourism industry. A joint venture is formed when two or more business entities come together to carry on a specific project and unite their resources for the fulfilment of such project (Morschett, Schramm-Klein and Zentes, 2011). Once the purpose of the joint venture is attained, the joint venture comes to an end. So, it is a limited time pooling of resources for attaining a common project, where there is a commonality in the risks, ownership, profits and the control over the operations of the joint venture (Yeniyurt and Carnovale, 2017). In comparison to agent and distributor model, the joint venture is quite different. And there are more benefits of it in comparison to the two models. Joint venture allows the entities to venture out a new project in which both the entities are interested and where each one contributes to the pool of resources required for attaining this purpose. Through a joint venture, the individuals can try out new markets and try out new projects particularly when both of these are risky prospects on going solo. The costs for the entities are thus saved as a new project and a new market can be assessed without having to bear high costs (Killing, 2012). Though, this model too has components which make it a not so attractive option owing to the demerits this option has. A leading one in this regard is that in a joint venture, a dispute can be raised on the exit strategy particularly when one party does not want to continue with the joint venture, resulting in the purpose of the venture not being met (Wolf, 2011). This can result in a dispute when the party leaves due to it finding a more attractive alternative with another entity. Also, even though there is a division of powers and common pooling of resources, often one party is left to bear the burden of the venture and continue the operations as the other business entity fails to reciprocate such commitment. Choosing the right partner for the venture also becomes a tough task to do, particularly when the venture is to be created with an entity from the target market (Campbell and Netzer, 2009). Despite the demerits of a joint venture, the best option for Regina Plc is to form a joint venture with a company from Brazil, particularly the ones who have access to tourist, to pool in the audience of the joint venture. A joint venture could be created where a joint tour for France and Brazil is chalked out in a more attractive manner, due to the pooling of resources for the two entities. This would also help Regina Plc in establishing a place in Brazil as a future growth prospect. Terms of Joint Venture Agreement From the analysis of the features, merits and demerits of the three legal relationship options before Regina Plc, it becomes clear that a joint venture is the best option available before the company. And in this context, the MD has already negotiated a joint venture agreement with XYZ Incorporated. However, it is crucial that while this agreement is being drawn, certain key terms are included in the agreement. The reason for emphasizing on the terms is that if these terms are not properly included, it can result in dispute being raised due to ambiguities regarding the rights and liabilities in the agreement (Morais, 2014). Some of these terms, which have to be included in the joint venture agreement have been explained below. The joint venture agreement has to begin with the basic details of the venture where the name of the parties, the name of the venture, the details and addresses of the venture, have to be properly stated. The next step is to clarify the purpose of the joint venture. In this term would be contained the objective for creating this venture, the scope of the joint venture, the proposed activities to be undertaken, the resources to be transferred and the like. There is a need to state the applicable laws on the joint venture and this is in context of state based laws, nation based laws and the international based law, in addition to the laws surrounding the business of the company under the common law. The dispute resolution clause is probably the most important term of any joint venture agreement without which the venture cannot be said to be completed. Even when the parties work in an amicable manner and everything has been properly covered, there are chances of disputes being raised in the joint venture. As a result of this, it is crucial that the joint venture agreement covers a dispute resolution clause. This clause would state the jurisdiction of the court with which the dispute has to be filed. And can also cover the use of alternative dispute resolution modes to solve the dispute. Arbitration is a common clause in joint venture agreements and has to state the manner in which an arbitrator would be appointed, the applicable law for the arbitration and the other details of it (American Bar, 2017). As a joint venture has pooling of resources, the agreement clearly needs to state the contributions of each of the joint venture party. This is in addition to the manner in which profits would be shared, the rights and liabilities of the parties, and the other details of the resources which have been contributed along with their percentage of contribution. This helps in clarifying what each party has to do and what can be expected from the other party of the joint venture. The exit strategy forms another crucial part of the joint venture agreement. This is in terms of the parties being given an option that they can still exit from the joint venture, based on certain conditions, before the purpose of the joint venture is met. This clause also needs to provide the manner in which the joint venture would be wrapped up, once the purpose of the joint venture is met. Thus, the details of sharing the profits, the proceedings, the assets of the joint venture, upon its conclusion, have to be provided in the joint venture agreement. The confidentiality term is also a major part of the joint venture agreement, which cannot be left out at any instance. This is necessary for protecting the interests of the parties in terms that during the joint venture, each party might gain confidential or sensitive information of the company, which has to be kept secret. Thus, this clause cannot be left out at any costs. The financial breakup of the joint venture in terms of the tax applicable, the budget of the venture, the costs of the project and other finance related details also need to be referred in the joint venture agreement. However, instead of including the entire financial details, the same can be attached as an annexure of the joint venture agreement and a reference to the same can be mentioned in a term of the joint venture (Saracens Solicitors, 2015). Conclusion and Recommendations On the basis of the analysis provided in this report, it can be concluded that for Regina Plc, the best option is to create a joint venture with a tourism company from Brazil, to pool in the resources and get the best results. In order to do so, the company needs to enter in a joint venture agreement. This is due to the various disadvantages of agent and distributor as available legal relationships and the attractiveness of a joint venture in context of the company. For this, the company needs to consider the points which have been highlighted in the second part of this discussion. So, there is a need to include the basic details of the venture, the applicable laws, confidentiality term, the dispute resolution terms and the others elucidated above. Thus, it is recommended to Regina Plc to form a joint venture and include the key terms highlighted above in the joint venture agreement which it proposes to form with XYZ Incorporated. This would allow the company to test the waters in Br azil and use this knowledge in the context of future and permanent expansion in the nation. References Alliance Expert. (2017) What is a franchise, distributorship or agency arrangement?. [Online] Alliance Expert. Available from: https://www.allianceexperts.com/en/knowledge/difference-between-an-agent-distributor-and-franchisor/ [Accessed on: 14/11/17] American Bar. (2017) Model Joint Venture Agreement. [Online] American Bar. Available from: https://apps.americanbar.org/buslaw/newsletter/0049/materials/book.pdf [Accessed on: 14/11/17] Boundy, C. (2016) Business Contracts Handbook. Oxon: Routledge. Cahn, A., and Donald, D.C. (2010) Comparative Company Law: Text and Cases on the Laws Governing Corporations in Germany, the UK and the USA. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Campbell, D., and Netzer, A. (2009) International Joint Ventures. The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International. Edney, L., and Poirier, S. (2012) A Visit to Christ the Redeemer in Rio. [Online] The Rio Times. Available from: https://riotimesonline.com/brazil-news/rio-travel/a-visit-to-christ-the-redeemer-in-rio/ [Accessed on: 14/11/17] Grnig, R., and Morschett, D. (2017). Developing International Strategies. Berlin: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. JustLuxe. (2014) 20 Things You Need To Know About Brazil. [Online] Huffington Post. Available from: https://www.huffingtonpost.com/justluxe/20-things-you-need-to-kno_b_5381855.html [Accessed on: 14/11/17] Killing, P. (2012)Strategies for joint venture success (RLE international business)(Vol. 22). Oxon: Routledge. Morais, L. (2014) Joint Ventures and EU Competition Law. Portland: Hart Publishing. Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H., and Zentes, J. (2011) Strategic International Management: Text and Cases. 2nd ed. The Netherlands: Gabler Verlag. Morse, G. (2010) Partnership Law. 7th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Murphy Marketing. (2016) Differences Between Agents and Distributors. [Online] Murphy Marketing. Available from: https://www.murphymarketing.ie/differences-between-agents-and-distributors/ [Accessed on: 14/11/17] Nguyen, N.T. (2007) Agent and Multi-Agent Systems: Technologies and Applications. Poland: Springer Science Business Media. Noonan, C. (2016) Sales Management. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann. O'Kelley, C. R., and Thompson, R. B. (2017)Corporations and other business associations: cases and materials. The Netherlands: Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Salzano, L. (2014) 4 key differences between trade agents and distributors. [Online] TRSM. Available from: https://therightsocialmedia.novertur.com/international-trade-2/4-key-differences-trade-agents-and-distributors/ [Accessed on: 14/11/17] Saracens Solicitors. (2015) All You Need To Know About Joint Venture Agreements. [Online] Saracens Solicitors. Available from: https://saracenssolicitors.co.uk/commercial/all-you-need-to-know-about-joint-venture-agreements [Accessed on: 14/11/17] Schlegelmilch, B. B. (2016) Global Marketing Strategy. London: Springer International Publishing. Scotter, L. (2017) Sales Agent Vs. Distributor. [Online] Chron. Available from: https://work.chron.com/sales-agent-vs-distributor-19944.html [Accessed on: 14/11/17] Wolf, R.C. (2011) The Complete Guide to International Joint Ventures with Sample Clauses and Contracts. 3rd ed. The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International. Yeniyurt, S., and Carnovale, S. (2017) Global supply network embeddedness and power: An analysis of international joint venture formations.International Business Review,26(2), 203-213.

The life of the students Essay Example For Students

The life of the students Essay Why do you think the TOK course is at the core of the IB diploma program and how do you think it impacts the life of the students? Theory of knowledge is what it means, theories about knowledge. It provides a general picture of how and why people should think or scrutinize about the world around us. This course is useful, not only because it helps you receive your IB diploma, but it can also help you think beyond what you see; it challenges the students to look beyond the superficial, since usually there are more to things than what is on the surface. As theory of knowledge students are challenged to wonder about the things above their perceptions, they start to ask questions in hopes to acquiring more in depth knowledge. As more knowledge is acquired, more judgment is needed. Students must balance their open-mindedness and the skepticism they have towards the acquired knowledge. Since in all six groups of the IB diploma program knowledge is acquired, it is important that students know what should be believed and shouldnt; thus it is important for the theory of knowledge course to be the core of the IB diploma program. As you may have noticed from the IB diploma diagram above, the theory of knowledge course is placed in the course of the IB diploma program and the other subjects. A question that arises is perhaps why is it placed in the core of the diploma program? If we look closer you can also see that the creativity, action and service program and the extended essay program is also in the core of diploma. A similar trait that these programs have is that they not only provide knowledge background for the IB diploma candidates but it also builds up experiences that can be applied to life in the future. Theory of knowledge provides knowledge about the devices people use to think; we also learn about their strengths, weakness and limitations and to apply the knowledge in solving real life situations. In the creativity, action and service program, we learn how to evaluate our own strengths and weaknesses by doing hands-on activities, whether it is volunteering to teach English at a local public school or learning to do something new. The extended essay gives the candidates adequate experience and knowledge on how to write a full research Display complete essay The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our International Baccalaureate Theory of Knowledge section.

Subjugation of Freedom in One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest free essay sample

The Subjugation of Freedom in One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest Ken Kesey’s book, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, is a multi-faceted work incorporating many thematic elements. One of the most easily addressable themes is that of freedom and its limitations placed upon the characters in the novel. Many types of freedoms are addressed ranging from the tangible and real to the perceived and implied. The setting primarily takes place in a mental hospital on a locked ward which limits the characters’ physical freedoms. The characters are constantly coerced and demeaned by the antagonist Ms. Ratched which limits their mental freedoms. Beneath all is a subtext of sexual repression which is constantly fought against by McMurphy. Individually, each of these subjugations might be tolerated given exclusions to the others, but together they weigh down the men to the point where their complete lack of freedom almost becomes a comfort. We will write a custom essay sample on Subjugation of Freedom in One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mental hospitals are typically secure facilities intended to provide a place for patients, whose symptoms range from minor to severe, to be secured and not be a danger to the rest of society while treatment is applied. The manner in which the patients are described in the story indicates that they are not severe mental cases but are those who are unable to function in society at large due to idiosyncrasies and minor hang-ups, yet they are housed in a ward where they are kept under lock and key, their movement is restricted to one day-room, and their activities are on a strictly regulated time-table. Most of the men have given up their physical freedom voluntarily with the expectation of treatment, mental healing and the eventual release back into society. McMurphy, on the other hand, was committed by the state and his sentence depends on the opinion of the Big Nurse, though he doesn’t realize this right away. Nurse Ratched does not resort to physical touch herself and instead uses the three ward aides to perform her physical brutality for her. McMurphy’s eventual goal is to get the other men out of the ward as much as possible because they have become too accustom to it. To do so all at once would likely be too great a shock so McMurphy starts inside the hospital with simply moving the group to another day room. Gradually, they are able to spend more time out of the ward with activities like basketball and the pool. The culmination of their unconventional therapy is the fishing trip where the men re-learn what real life outside the hospital can be like. Nurse Ratched doesn’t resort to physicality with the patients. She much prefers mental control and the main focus for her efforts of control. She has become a master of subtlety and misdirection. Before McMurphy arrives she has the men eager and willing to tattle on each other for tiny rewards. This information is then used in group therapy sessions where the idea is that the men can rely on each other for strength and the group will help lift them up, grow stronger and heal. What actually happens is each man takes it in turn to be attacked by the others for their faults. This is all orchestrated masterfully by Nurse Ratched who has but to ask a few simple pointed questions to get the fire burning. When she isn’t using the men’s own minds against them she drugs them to keep their thoughts slow, to keep them unmotivated and to keep them calm. Also in her arsenal is the threat of maximum mental punishment through shock therapy and lobotomy. Her technique is so perfectly insidious that the men work their hardest to please her to the detriment of each other and ultimately their own selves. She is able to perpetually keep the men in a state where they believe they need her and the hospitals help. Sex is used in the novel as a representation of total freedom. Its exercise is almost always portrayed by McMurphy who, through his general demeanor and newness to the hospital, is the most free, sexually, of any of the men. He is so free, that it has gotten him into trouble as he only seems to be able to act on impulse. Society is not able to deal with his complete abandon and he is eventually punished for it by having a piece of his brain removed. The rest of the men are all repressed mostly due to some problem they’ve had with the women in their lives. In fact, it is their inability to deal with women that brought them to the hospital in the first place. Women are portrayed throughout the book as the root of all men’s problems. Nurse Ratched is the penultimate figure of sexual repression. She does not acknowledge her femininity but hides it successfully, but for her bosom, beneath her sterile, pressed uniform. She is cold toward the men offering no real compassion and serves only to aggravate the men’s issues with women in general. Her power is finally stripped from her, quite literally, when McMurphy rips open her uniform revealing her breasts, the symbol of femininity; she is a woman after all. Limiting or removing freedom boils down to control. Those who restrict freedoms wish to exercise control upon those whose freedoms have been infringed. In the story, the restriction of all freedoms is personified and executed by the â€Å"Big Nurse,† Ms. Ratched. She symbolizes all forms of repression and is the face of the societal machine, whose purpose is to remove individuality and replace self-restraint with group shame. The implication Kesey suggests is that when a person isn’t free to move, free to think, or free to love then they cannot be a valuable, functioning member of society. Works Cited Kesey, Ken. One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest, a Novel. New York: Viking, 1962. Print.

indespinsable man essays

indespinsable man essays Our first president, George Washington, was indispensable for a number of reasons. In the book, Washington The Indispensable Man, James Thomas Flexnor points out many of the reasons he is indispensable, such as the fact that he never quit, he let his slaves go, he wouldnt side with the British or the French, and he didnt accept being president for the third term. These points may not seem to show his indispensability, but if Washington wasnt our first president who knows where we would be right now (probably be speaking French or in tyranny). Washington was criticized for a lot of things he did, and he was also thanked for everything later. When he would get criticized for something he wouldnt quit or give in to what they want because they criticized him. During the Jay treaty Thomas Paine insults Washington in a peroration saying, As to you, sir, treacherous in private friendship (for so you have been to me and that in the day of danger) and a hypocrite in public life, the world will be puzzled to decide whether you are an apostate or an impostor; whether you abandoned good principles or whether you had any. pg.354. Even when all odds are against him in criticism he wouldnt even be phased, and stand his ground. When Jefferson said, he got into one of those passions when he cannot command himself, ran on much on the personal abuse which had been bestowed on him, defied any man on earth to produce one single act of his since he had been in the government which was not done on the purest motives. pg.295. Washington said, he would rather be in his grave than be in his present situation. That he had rather be on his farm than to be made emperor of the world, and yet that they were charging him with wanting to be king. pg.295. The most indispensable accomplishment of Washington ...

Assignment 1 (Mineral Resource Rent Tax (MRRT) Case Study

Assignment 1 (Mineral Resource Rent Tax (MRRT) - Case Study Example Introduction of RSPT would lead to reduction in the income tax but it was expected that such would not lead to the reduction in revenue, since the decrease in tax would encourage companies to undertake more projects which would lead to rise in the revenue. This increase in revenue would be utilized by the government of Australia for bringing about infrastructure development in the country. The Australian Government decided to provide the resource entities with a refundable credit for the royalties paid by them in the previous years, so that the mining companies receive an extra relaxation on their taxation policies and they are encouraged towards revenue generation. Introduction The Australian Government accepted the proposal of the Australia’s Future Tax System Review to introduce a tax charge on the resource rents and the super profits earned by the mining companies from the exploitation of the non-renewable resources of Australia. This new tax policy will be known as Resour ce Super Profits Tax (RSPT). The RSPT would provide the community of Australia with a share of income that will be derived from the extraction and sale of non-renewable resources of Australia in countries all over the world. ... The RSPT was replaced by the Minerals Resource Rent Tax (MRRT) in late June 2010 because of a resulting controversy in terms of RSPT. The objective of the government in the implementation of the MRRT policy was same as that of the RSPT, along with an additional objective to overcome the controversies and adverse affect faced on the implementation of the RSPT. The area of consideration of the MRRT was limited than the RSPT, which increased its relevance and brought efficiency. The MRRT policies received support from mining unions such as Forestry, Energy Union, Construction and Mining, Australian Greens, and from the Australian Council of trade Unions. The new policy led to the reduction in tax for the mining companies, thus fulfilling one of the objectives with which the policy was introduced. Answer 1. The main features of Resources Super Profit Tax are- The nominal tax rate of 40% on assessable resource profits is applicable. The tax is to be imposed on revenue earned after deducti ng the allowance for capital expenditure. The tax is to be imposed on profits above the normal rate of return, which is determined to be 6%, being the risk-free long term bond rate. To compensate for the higher risk that is involved in the mining ventures, losses on abandoned projects were to be refunded at the mirror rate of 40% of the loss suffered (Kreiser, et al., p.227). Features of Minerals resource rent tax (MRRT) are- The proposed MRRT will apply to the coal and iron ore projects in Australia from 1st July, 2012 at 30% rate. The projects will be entitled to an extraction allowance of 25% which shall reduce the taxable profits subject to the MRRT. MRRT liability will not apply to

Review of Tesco Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words - 1

Review of Tesco Strategy - Essay Example This is mainly due to the presence of numerous rival players, with varying product lines and services. Due to which, the bargaining power of the customers and suppliers is increasing at a rapid pace thereby amplifying the rate of switchover costs. Similarly, the food and beverage retailing segment is the largest and extremely competitive industry in the market of United Kingdom. The prime reason behind it is the presence of numerous existing players such as ASDA, Sainsbury, Tesco Plc and many others. As a result, the retail segment offered approximately 12 percent to gross domestic product (GDP) of the nation that amplified its economic standard and image in the entire globe among others. Apart from this, the retail segment also proved effective in presenting employment to almost 3.5 million educated citizens that reduced the rate of poverty and unemployment significantly. This proved extremely effective for the nation that enhanced its portfolio and equity in the market among others . Tesco Plc is recognised as one of the reputed international grocery and merchandise retailer in the market of United Kingdom. It includes more than 2318 stores in the entire globe comprising of 472000 experienced staffs to assist the customers in their purchases. It has positioned itself as the third largest retailer in the market of United Kingdom thereby comprising of a market share of 40 percent among many other rival contenders. It is mainly due to wide range of product lines such as clothes, electronics, financial services, and telecoms, furniture’s, healthcare products, retailing, pet products, DVD, CD, internet services and many others. Due to which, its total revenue, net income and operating income increased by  £60.93 billion,  £2.67 billion and  £3.87 billion in the year 2010-2011. The company of Tesco Plc mainly operates under the banners, named: Extra, Supermarket, Metro and Express. This essay mainly highlights the strategies implemented by the

Breyer Meat Packing Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Breyer Meat Packing Case Study - Essay Example 14). Awareness of the details surrounding the cumulative trauma disorder would assist in informing the employees and the employer that â€Å"carpal tunnel syndrome is the disorder most commonly reported for this industry and is caused by repeated bending of the wrist combined with gripping, squeezing, and twisting motions. A swelling in the wrist joint causes pressure on a nerve in the wrist. Early symptoms of the disease are tingling sensations in the thumbs and in the index and middle fingers. Experience has shown that if workers ignore these symptoms, sometimes misdiagnosed as arthritis, they could experience permanent weakness and numbness in the hand coupled with severe pain in the hands, elbows, and shoulders† (Occupational Safety and Health Administration, N.D., par. 15). Question #2:  Ã‚  Assume  OSHA is  applicable.   Provide two (2) specific  recommendations to address the issue.

Concept Of Citizenship To A Global View Politics Essay

Concept Of Citizenship To A Global View Politics Essay Global citizenship aims at bringing the concept of citizenship to a global view. it is a term used to cover political, economic, environmental and social actions of global minded people, as well as communities on a global perspective. It is a concept that is aimed at helping people understand the ever changing world. As a concept, global citizenship has a great appeal. It is thus sought by various institutions in an effort to promote world peace and make people responsible global citizens. Due to its world wide scale, global citizenship has other diverse definitions depending on the area of study. This paper focuses on explaining the concept of global citizenship as used in education and business. Global Citizenship Global citizenship can be explained from various points of view. From a personal perspective, global citizenship involves awareness of self as well as awareness of others. According to McIntosh, global citizenship is the ability to view oneself with regard to ones role in the wider world. Additionally, global citizenship emphasizes on the importance of balancing the awareness of ones self realities with the realities of others who are outside ones perceived self. This is an individual dimension, which focus on gaining a reflective understanding for others as well as showing empathy to them. Therefore, this is the starting point to becoming a global citizen from an individual perspective. Similarly, other scholars have also put emphasis on the importance of understanding ones self in relation to the perceptions of other people in explaining global citizenship (Noddings, 2005). Since global citizenship does not impart on the legal status, it is expressed well associatively in a distinct manner from the expressions of citizenship. This implies that global citizenship is the basis for individuals to work, live and act within transnational ethics that defy national sovereignty and boundaries, as well. Individual efforts to becoming a global citizen are voluntary and are thus based on subjective and fluctuating criteria. An individual may opt to take their role in the global arena out of free will. Besides, from and individual definition and understanding of global citizenship, one cannot be forced to respect and value social diversity that exist and varies from one country to another (Luis, 2010). A global social role has to originate from ones inner self and the desire of the self to pursue and view things from a wider world perspective. Another perspective of explaining the concept of global citizenship in based on the roles assumed by various individuals in the international arena. Such individual roles include global reformers, global business elite, global environmentalists, elite global merchants, political conscious regionalists and transnational activists. Each of these global based groups play an active role in fostering global citizenship. Although their roles may be diverse, their collective efforts are geared towards a global responsibility. The major role of global reformers is driving human kind towards one world. They drive the world as one by promoting peace and intense efforts to eradicate social injustices. Other reformers attempt to reach the entire world through various nongovernmental organizations. One such organization is Oxfam international which is aimed at promoting world peace, minimizing poverty levels and dealing with social injustices. Global reformers maintain that the world will soon become a global village give the pace of technological advancements. On the same point of view, people from different corners o the world can connect with each other via social media. The most common social media are Facebook, Twitter, Skype and MySpace. MySpace helps to view the globe from a business point of view by connecting enterprise and merchants through the internet (Darren, 2003). Another group of people are global elite. In specific terms, the global business elite view global citizenship from a business point of view. In this regard, global business elite are constantly seeking better ways of moving their economic ventures in around the globe. On the contrary, they do not seek to take up active global responsibilities. A major challenge that frustrates global business elites efforts is the wide scope of global corporate responsibility. Global corporate responsibility is discussed later in this paper (Lois, 2010). On the other hand, global environmental managers seek global problem solving collaboration. Such collaborations are aimed at dealing with large global concerns. These concerns include global warming as a result of destruction of the ozone layer. Global environmentalists promote a sustainable global environment by setting standards for industrialization. Industries are understood to be the core pollutants of the environment and destruction of the ozone layer. The ozone layer functions to filter and protect harmful sunrays from reaching the surface of the earth. Its destruction by air pollution allows such rays to each the globe thus causing excessive heating of the earth with extremely high temperatures. This is a world concern. Political global elites seek unexplored global community while transnational global activists assume global causes, which may include environmental and human rights protection (Tan, 2005). Explaining global citizenship limits global participation to the economically able. Global citizenship definition based on individual roles thus excludes the role of the poor and those who struggle to survive. Such explanation excludes a large majority of the world people. Lois (2010) provides a more comprehensive definition of citizenship that incorporates the conceptual categories of awareness, responsibility and participation. He defines global citizenship is the individual ability to b aware, take responsibility of their own action and participate by contributing towards a global unity. Awareness, as well as self awareness of the larger world is essential credentials in explaining good global citizenship. Self awareness is the key contributor to awareness. Similarly, awareness leads to recognition of ones global responsibilities as well as moral obligations, which are beyond ones environment. As a result, awareness of ones responsibility leads to participating to promote the global common welfare (Lois, 2010). Global citizenship explanation based on the above three categories of awareness, responsibility and participation offers a more structured way to approach global citizenship. This approach is thus successful for operationalizing the term in faculty led global programs. On the same note, awareness is the most basic of all the three; besides, it is the most realistic and attainable in the short term. A comprehensive global citizenship involves having an individual identity that cuts through various national borders and boundaries and commitment to the common welfare for all. In education, global citizenship aims at equipping students with the necessary knowledge and skills so that they can impact the world in a positive way. It encourages students to be responsible globally. Education for global citizenship is directed at developing students to become active global citizens. Students are taught to adopt the various different cultures in the world. On the same note, a global citizenship education views a global student as one who is well conversant with the wider world and is willing o take an active role as a global citizen. In addition, a global citizen respects and upholds diversity. The current world is diverse. It ranges from the most ancient cultures and traditional way of doing things to the current cultures, which various nation states have adopted today. Global education holds that for an individual to be a global citizen, they must recognize and appreciate diversity and focus on promoting peace and unity in diversity (Robert Katalin, 2011). On the same note, global education equips pupils at an early age with the necessary knowledge to understand how the world operates in different platforms. Such platforms include economically, culturally, politically, environmentally as well as technologically. Besides, global students are expected to take part in activities within a community with a range from local to global levels. By so doing, they are perceived to contribute in making the world a sustainable place. Outraged social injustice is an important trait portrayed by global minded students. Global citizens are accountable for their own actions. That is, they do not blame others for their own action. They are guided by learn think act approach to global citizenship. An individual is expected to earn from their mistakes and take the respective corrective measures (Janet, 2004). Global education institutions have succeeded in creating awareness of other cultures among students. Nevertheless, most international students have developed necessary awareness needed to be a global citizen. This explains why most international students are coping well in international schools. They develop social and interpersonal skills that help them relate with fellow students. On the point of view, global educational equips students with the basis essential skills to appreciate diversity and adapt to foreign cultures with ease. Corporate global citizenship requires businesses corporations to be accountable often referred to as corporate social responsibility. Corporate social responsibility goes beyond considering the norms of the society within which the organization exist to upholding global world values. Global world values involve conservation of world environment. According to Ramon 2010, various businesses have taken corrective measures to check on air pollution to minimize chances of interfering with the ozone layer. Nonetheless, appropriate measure have been put in place to ensure that industrial waste is treated before dispatched to rivers. This ensures that water pollution is addressed to reduce water poising for both human and wild consumption (Samuel Walter, 2009). However, businesses still struggle with a number of world concerns relating to environment, population, poverty, social justice education and health. These concerns still affect nations wellbeing, effectiveness and the productivity of businesses. They also impact negatively on the quality o the world population. Borrowing from the above mentioned issues, businesses are rethinking on their role as global entities. Some are strategizing on how to redress environmental and human capital challenges. Currently, corporate global citizenship entails an understanding and awareness of the future global trends that can affect the world climate for doing business and the global populations quality of life. The business of corporate businesses has moved form the core driver and desire to maximize profits to upholding societal values. Businesses are now actively involved in fostering a sustainable working environment around the globe. Besides, for all multinational, upholding global values and being socially responsible is the key to surviving in the international market. One of the organizations that promote global citizenship is Oxfam International. According to Oxfam, growth in altitude as well as values is based on empathy for others and respect for diversity. On the same perspective, skill development is concentrated upon conflict resolution and critical thinking. Oxfam international also views global citizens as those who are aware of the wider world. Moreover, a global citizen understands how the wider world operates and knows their position and role in the globe. Oxfam further maintains that a global citizen is one who values and respects the many cultures of the world. Nevertheless, a global citizen, in both action and thought, does not support social injustice and is willing to participate in actions directed to counter inequity. As a worldwide organization aimed at minimizing poverty levels and eradicating injustice, Oxfam emphasizes on centers for human rights and the respective elements that need to be fostered in order to secure a greater social justice around the globe. Global citizenship is a wide concept that does not have a generally agreed upon definition. Its definition is derived from the various fields of study and defined according to the discipline of interest. Nevertheless, the major values of global citizenship for any entity are awareness, responsibility and participation.

Phrenology :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Phrenology is basically the study of personality through the study of the shape of the skull. The basis of this theory is that the brain conforms to the shape of the head and its contours. This pseudoscience says that because we have isolated where different parts of personality come from we can tell how dominant this trait would be in a person’s life by the size of the piece of the brain. We have since proven that this theory is not true.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Franz Joseph Gall is considered to be the founder of the direct scientific link between the morphology of the skull and personality traits. Gall was one of the first scientists to consider the brain the home of all mental activities. His main work was called The Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System in General, and of the Brain in Particular. In this article he put forth five points that phrenology was based on in general. 1. That moral and intellectual faculties and innate. 2. That their exercise or manifestation depends on organization. 3. That the brain is an organ of all the propensities, sentiments, and faculties. 4. The brain is composed of many particular organs as there are different propensities, sentiments, and faculties which differ from one another. 5. That the form of the head or cranium represents the form of the brain, and thus represents the relative development of the brain organs. Gall linked the faculties with precise brain localizations through careful observation and expensive experimental measures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Johann Spurzheim’s contribution to phrenology was also great. He helped Gall in a study of brain injuries with the phrenology concept Gall had created. He also studied many cases of aphasia following victim’s cranial injuries in battle. In 1832, he arrived in America, which was at that time desperate for insight into human personality, and started on a lecture circuit that eventually killed him only six months into it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While Spurzheim was in America he managed to inspire two young, frustrated evangelists whose names were Lorenzo Niles Fowler and Orson S. Fowler. These two are largely responsible for spreading phrenology throughout the country. They traveled from town to town carrying the truth of phrenology. They offered lectures, readings, and to evaluate the charteristics of total strangers through the bumps and valleys on their heads. Soon everyone from small-town folk to the rich and famous were getting readings. It became a fad throughout America.

Econ 248 Assignment 2

ECON 248 Assignment 2 1. The bank rate is the interest rate at which the Bank of Canada stands ready to lend reserves to chartered banks. The banker's deposit rate is the interest rate that the Bank of Canada pays banks on their deposits at the Bank of Canada. Changes to these rates by the Bank of Canada typically spread to other interest rates and therefore will influence the amount of lending done by the banks. An open market operation is the purchase or sale of government securities, which are government of Canada Treasury bills and bonds, in the open market by the Bank of Canada. These transactions done by the Bank of Canada change the reserves of the banks, which have an immediately impact on the amount of overnight borrowing. This enables the Bank of Canada to hit its overnight rate target. Government deposit shifting is the practice of shifting government deposits between the government's account at the Bank of Canada and its accounts at the various chartered banks. These shifts of deposits affects the banks' reserves, and therefore their ability to make overnight loans. Since this tool is typically used on a small scale to smooth daily fluctuations in the amount of overnight loans, its impact on the implementation of monetary policy is small. The required reserve ratio is the portion of depositors' balances banks must have on hand as cash, as determined by the central bank. The monetary policy of a required reserve ratio is no longer in use by the Bank of Canada. The Bank of Canada's policy tools work by changing the quantity of money in the economy, by changing the monetary base. By raising the bank rate, the Bank of Canada can make it more costly for the banks to borrow reserves. By raising the interest rate it pays the banks on their own deposits at the Bank of Canada, it can induce the banks to want to hold larger reserves. By selling securities in the open market, the Bank of Canada can decrease the monetary base. The Bank of Canada can also decrease bank reserves and the monetary base by switching some government of Canada deposits from a chartered bank to itself. These actions decrease the quantity of money, other things remaining the same. . L = (1 – 0. 35) X (1 – 0. 07) L = 0. 6 Quantity of money created = $50,000,000 X 1/(1 – 0. 6) Quantity of money created = $50,000,000 X 2. 5 Quantity of money created = $125,000,000 3. a) The multiplier is the amount by which a change in any component of autonomous expenditure is magnified or multiplied to determine the change that it generates in equilibrium expenditure and real GDP. Investmen t expenditures increase aggregate expenditure and real GDP. The increase in real GDP increases disposable income, which increases consumption expenditure. The increased consumption expenditure adds even more to aggregate expenditure. Real GDP and disposable income increase further, and so does consumption expenditure. The initial increase in investment brings an even bigger increase in aggregate expenditure because it induces an increase in consumption expenditure. The multiplier determines the magnitude of the increase in aggregate expenditure that results from an increase in investment or another component of autonomous expenditure. The greater the marginal propensity to consume, the larger is the multiplier. ) The marginal propensity to import and the marginal tax rate together with the marginal propensity to consume determine the multiplier. Their combined influence determines the slope of the aggregate expenditure curve. Since Multiplier = 1 / (1 – Slope of AE curve) and the marginal tax rate determines the extent to which income tax payments change when real GDP changes, the size of the multiplier will decrease depending o n the extent to which the marginal tax rate reduces the slope of the AE curve. ) The slope of the AE curve equals 0. 75 Multiplier = change in real GDP/change in investment = 1/(1-MPC) Multiplier = 1/(1-0. 75) = 1/0. 25 = 4 The revised slope of the AE curve equals 0. 45 Multiplier = change in real GDP/change in investment = 1/(1-Slope of AE curve) Multiplier = 1/(1-0. 45) = 1/0. 55 = 1. 818181812 4. a) Given that the increase in unemployment means a decrease in real GDP, and that consumer spending and investment spending reductions mean a fall in aggregate demand, the economy is in recession. This is due to a fall in aggregate demand, and the fall in investment may lead to higher costs of production in the future. b) In a recession, the number of people experiencing economic hardship increases, so induced transfer payments such as unemployment benefits and welfare benefits increase. Induced taxes and induced transfer payments decrease the multiplier effect of a change in autonomous expenditure such as investments, and moderate recessions making real GDP more stable. Discretionary fiscal policy would be used in an attempt to restore full employment. The government might increase its expenditure on goods and services, cut taxes, or do some of both, increasing aggregate demand. An increase in government expenditure or a cut in taxes increases aggregate expenditure as well. c) In a recession, the Bank of Canada will conduct an open market purchase to lower the interest rate. The quantity of investment will increase, and other interest-sensitive expenditure items will also increase. With an increase in aggregate expenditure, the multiplier increases aggregate demand, bringing real GDP to equal potential GDP, and a recession will be eliminated. . Keynesianism is loosely defined as the economic view that, left to itself, the economy may not fully employ the resources available, and that expansionary governmental action may be required to achieve full employment and growth. Monetarists, in contrast, think broadly that the principal economic task of government is to regulate the money supply, and in particular set limits to it, and that achievement of adequate levels of employment and growth can be left to the market. Historically, Keynesians avoured fiscal policy and monetarists favoured monetary policy as the tool for stabilizing aggregate demand. Today, the divide between the two schools on this issue has almost vanished. Monetarists favour a target growth rate for the quantity of money, and feel that not keeping money growth on target risks outbursts of inflation. Keynesians favour a target for the interest rate, and feel that aggregate demand can be controlled more accurately by preventing the interest rate from fluctuating too wildly, which it might do with strict targeting of the quantity of money and its growth rate. When real GDP falls below potential GDP, Keynesians feel that taking swift action to stimulate the economy by cutting the interest rate and increasing government expenditures is the most effective road to take. Monetarists feel the best that stabilization policy can do to achieve a high level and growth rate of real GDP is to keep inflation in check. Monetarists favour an inflation target at a low inflation rate. When the inflation rate rises, monetarists want swift action to slow it regardless of the state of real GDP. 6. a) 1000 tons of breadfruit / 500 tons of fish = 2 The opportunity cost of 1 unit of fish in Kiribati is 2 units of breadfruit. b) 750 tons of breadfruit / 1875 tons of fish = 0. 4 The opportunity cost of 1 unit of fish in Tuvalu is 0. 4 units of breadfruit. c) Tuvalu has a comparative advantage because it is able to produce fish at a lower opportunity cost than can Kiribati. d) Kiribati will import fish from Tuvalu because Tuvalu has the comparative advantage in the production of fish. 7. The three main arguments for protection and restricting international trade are i. the employment argument ii. the infant-industry argument iii. the dumping argument The employment argument is that if a country imports cheap foreign goods, local workers lose their jobs and become a drain on the welfare system, spending less, and causing a ripple effect of further job loss. The proposed solution is to ban imports of cheap foreign goods and to protect local jobs, but that proposal is flawed. Free trade does cost some jobs, but it also creates jobs. It brings about global rationalization of labour and allocates resources to their highest valued activities. Local jobs are lost, but jobs are created in the foreign countries that now produce those goods. The local workers who lost their jobs now have better paying jobs because export industries have expanded and created more jobs than have been destroyed. Another point is that imports create jobs. They create jobs for retailers that sell imported goods and for firms that service those goods. They also create jobs by creating incomes in the rest of the world, some of which are spent on imports of locally made goods and services. The infant-industry argument for protection is that it is necessary to protect a new industry to enable it to grow into a mature industry that can compete in world markets. The argument is based on the idea of dynamic comparative advantage, which can arise from learning-by-doing. Learning-by-doing is a powerful engine of productivity growth, and comparative advantage evolves and changes because of on-the-job experience. These facts, however, do not justify protection. The infant-industry argument is only valid if the benefits of learning-by-doing accrue not only to the owners and workers of the firms in the infant industry but also spill over to other industries and parts of the economy. Dumping occurs when a foreign firm sells its exports at a lower price than the price at which the product is normally sold in the foreign firm's domestic market. A firm that wants to gain global monopoly might use dumping, selling its output in the domestic market at a price that is low enough to drive domestic firms out of business. When the domestic firms are gone, the foreign firm takes advantage of its monopoly and charges a higher price for its products. This practice is the typical justification given for anti-dumping tariffs. There are reasons for resisting the dumping argument for protection. First, it is virtually impossible to detect dumping. The test for dumping is a weak one because it can be rational for a firm to charge a lower price in markets in which the quantity demanded is highly sensitive to price and a higher price in a market in which demand is less price-sensitive. Second, it is hard to think of a good that is produced by a natural global monopoly. Even if all the domestic firms in some industry were driven out of business, it would always be possible to find many alternative foreign sources of supply and to buy at prices determined in competitive markets. Third, if a good or service were a truly global natural monopoly, the best way to deal with it would be by regulation. Such regulation would require international cooperation. 8. a) Exports to the US would decrease due to lower demand because it would cost US importers more to purchase Canadian goods. b) Canadian importers would see a decrease in cost when importing machinery and equipment from US suppliers. c) Cross border shoppers would pay less for goods they purchase in the US. ) If the retired Canadians have US dollar bank accounts, the fluctuation of the Canadian dollar would likely have little effect on them. However, if they have Canadian dollar bank accounts or have Canadian currency, they can buy more with those Canadian dollars. 9. Current account Exports of goods and services+411 Imports of goods and services-378 Net transfers+3 Net interest payments-34 Current account balance+2 Capital account Foreign investment into Canada+22 Canadian investment abroad-35 Statistical di screpancy+10 Capital account balance-3 Official settlements account Official settlements account balance-1

SAGA VENEZUELEAN BOLIVAR FUERTE Essays

SAGA VENEZUELEAN BOLIVAR FUERTE Essays SAGA VENEZUELEAN BOLIVAR FUERTE Essay SAGA VENEZUELEAN BOLIVAR FUERTE Essay The saga of the Venezuelea Bolivar Fuerte QI : Why must a countrys currency must be devaluated? What is failing in the economy? First, the reason would be for stimulating the exports of goods=> more money in the country push the production, economy in general and employment rate and set premises for economic growth. Somewhere between 92 and 94% of export income in Venezuela comes from oil, and the money obtained heavily contribute to the local manufacturing development, and agriculture. By not pushing into this direction the predictable result will be that everything continues to be imported with US dollars => increase in prices => inflation ecurring devaluations. A steep devaluation of a country currency, would be a signal for foreigners to stop investing in the country due to speculations and uncertainty=> push interest rates for loans => increase unemployment and that leads to recession= > devaluation of the currency is not, by far, the best way to improve the economy. Q2: What benefit did the Venezuelean regime in power gain from the repeated devaluation of the bolivar? Venezuelan government devalued its bolivar currency several times between 2005 2010 but in 2011 also cut the preferential rates for food,medicine, and heavy achinery that enjoyed a preferential FX rate: 1BsF = 2. 60/$. The intentaion might be the stimulation of the local production instead of relaying heavily on imports. Although let out of controll the the devaluaton leads straight to years of recession. Venezuelean regime might also devaluing the BsF to avoid to take the inflationary hit (2011) although unfair for the population that was constrainted to accept a brutal increase in all prices, especially the ones for the ordinary food and medicine. The weeks before the devaluation, all the market was in shortages of everything and rices in a matter of a week have gone up six times. Tomatoes, were 5 BsF/ kilo at the local outdoor markets (known as the cheap place to buy fresh food ) and a week later theyd gone up 30 BsF/ kilo (from roughly $1. 5 to $7). l think the business community knew this was coming. Also people speculates that the stores and supermarkets owners held back the merchandise when rumors about devaluation burst and after prices increased they there is no shortage of anything next week if you can afford to pay the prices. Q3: By the time you read this you will know whether the analysts predicting the uture of the bolivar were correct. How did they do? Venezuela devalued its currency for the fifth time in 9 years, between 2003-2012 as President Hugo Chavez seeked to narrow a widening fiscal gap and reduce a shortage of dollars in the economy. The new exchange rate falls by 32% to 6. 3 Bolivar per dollar starting February 2013. The devaluation helped to reduce the budget deficit by increasing the amount of Bolivar the government receives from exports, especially oil. Venezuelas fiscal gap widened to 11% of GDP in 2012 from 4% in 2011, according to Moodys. Annual inflation accelerated to 22. in January, the fastest pace in eight months, led by a Jump in food prices. Prices decreased by 3. 3% in January after rising 3. 5% in December 2012. In the black market, the Bolivar weakened 6% to 19. 53 BsF per $, according to Lechuga Verde, a website that tracks the rates. The devaluation of the Bolivar created frustration and anger not only among the population and the politicians against Chavez, so called Opposition but even financial analys ts and newspapers pro Chavez agreed that devaluation of the Bolivar is a betrayal of the Bolivarian Revolution . Some opines that the betrayal consists in the government not having consulted with the people on the matter beforehand, especially after the people came out to support Chavez and the Bolivarian Process in October 2012 elections. Chavez was not elected President in 2013 but Nicolas Maduro former Minister of Foregin Affairs and Vice President won the elections. (Apr 2013) However population is not over yet the outrage of the devaluation and vote of punishment for the new president is not out of the question, said the analysts. Source: Internet, website articles Lechuga Verde [News

Redundant Object Pronouns in Spanish

Redundant Object Pronouns in Spanish Although by definition, pronouns are words that stand for nouns, it is common in Spanish to use a pronoun, particularly an object pronoun, in addition to the noun it stands for. Such use of redundant object pronouns occurs most commonly in the following situations. When the Object of a Verb Precedes the Verb Placing the object before the verb, while certainly common in Spanish (and possible in English to give a sentence literary flavor), can be at least slightly confusing to the listener. So placing a redundant object pronoun helps make it clearer which noun is the subject of the verb. The redundant object pronoun in these cases is mandatory or nearly so, even when the form of the verb (such as it being plural) might seem sufficient to indicate what the subject and object of the verb are. For example, in the sentence El buffet de desayuno lo tenemos de mià ©rcoles a domingo (We have the breakfast buffet from Wednesday to Sunday), buffet de desayuno is the object of the verb tenemos. The lo (which isnt translated but in this case would be the equivalent of it) is redundant but still required. Some examples, with the redundant object and pronoun in boldface: Al presidente le vamos a preguntar quà © es lo que ha ocurrido. Were going to ask the president what it is that has happened.La piscina la encontramos muy sucia. We found the swimming pool very dirty.Los instrumentos los compraron gracias al apoyo financiero de su madre. They bought the instruments thanks to the financial support of their mother. Youll probably come across the redundant object pronoun most often with gustar and verbs similar to gustar, which normally put the object ahead of the verb. Note that when these verbs are used, they are usually translated with the object in Spanish being the subject of the English translation. A Cristal le gusta estar rodeada de gente. Cristal likes to be surrounded by people.A Sakura le encantaba ir al parque a jugar. Sakura loved going to the park to play. To Provide Emphasis Sometimes, especially in Latin America, the redundant pronoun may be used even when the object appears after the verb in order to provide emphasis. For example, in Gracias a ella lo conocà ­ a à ©l (thanks to her, I met him), the lo remains even though the speaker added a à ©l to call attention to the person the speaker met. We might convey a similar thought in English by placing strong stress on him. When the Object of the Verb Is Todo   Although not required, todo (or its variations) as an object is sometimes accompanied by a redundant pronoun that matches it in number and gender. En sus ojos lo puedo ver todo. In your eyes I can see everything.Tengo mucha fà © que los van a rescatar a todos vivos. I have a lot of faith that they are going to rescue everyone alive. To Repeat the Object of a Verb in a Relative Clause   Sometimes people will use a grammatically unnecessary object pronoun in a relative clause (one that follows a  subordinate conjunction). For example, in Hay otros aspectos del gobierno que los aprendemos (There are other aspects of the government that we learned), the los isnt needed, but it helps link aprendemos to aspectos. This usage isnt particularly common and is sometimes considered grammatically incorrect.

Analyze rhythm of Let America Be America Again by Langston Hughes Essay

Analyze rhythm of Let America Be America Again by Langston Hughes - Essay Example After the first three stanzas, there is a couplet that is rhyming and after it, the rhyming scheme that is adopted in the first three stanzas changes. The poem contains the rhyming scheme of blues and jazz that is a special feature of Black poetry (Roberts and Jacobs 2007). Similarly, the words, â€Å"I am the† and many others are employed to create a rhythm in the poem. Moreover rhyming words are used in stanzas to create a rhythm with the help of rhyme such as â€Å"be and free†, â€Å"again and plain†, â€Å"love and above†, â€Å"sleek and weak†, â€Å"greed and need† and many more. The length of stanzas and lines vary in order to put stress on some lines. After seeing the poem, the poem also appears a free verse at many points as the rhyming pattern seems somehow absent with a little rhyme absent such as: In the above-mentioned stanza, only â€Å"me† and â€Å"be† are rhyming, remaining all the stanza is deprived of a rhyming scheme. The poem uses a lot of repetitive words such as â€Å"America†, â€Å"millions†, â€Å"Whose†, â€Å"all†, â€Å"And† and many phrases such as â€Å"Let it be† and â€Å"Who are you†. The author is unhappy about his land, America. To him, he is not allowed to get equal right for each and every field of life. Hughes writes the poem, â€Å"Let America Be America Again† from the perspective of a black man such as Whitman has written from his perspective. The tone of the poem is somewhat pessimistic as the author is not happy with the current condition of America and regards it as a changed state. Rhythm is also created because of the reiteration or recurrence of stresses and pauses. Hughes makes use of repeated anaphora. For example, in the first lines by making use of the repeated anaphora of â€Å"Let it be†, Hughes acknowledges the fact that America is not what it should be and informs the reader with his perspective in a

Case study description and analysis of SONY Corporation involved in Essay

Case study description and analysis of SONY Corporation involved in the production and distribution of products - Essay Example (Sony, 2008a) In line with the purpose of capturing the global markets, Sony Corporation established several affiliated companies to enable the company to smoothen out its global product distribution. (Sony, 2008b; Sony, 2008c) On the other hand, a group of affiliated Sony suppliers works together with the company to strengthen the company’s supply chain management within and outside Japan. For this study, the researcher will first discuss the theory and purpose of supply chain management. Eventually, the researcher will examine the impact of an effective supply chain management in the production process and product distribution of Sony PlayStation  ® 3. In the process of discussing the impact of supply chain management in Sony’s production line and product distribution, the researcher will analyze the impact of supply chain management strategies particularly the push and pull. Aside from discussing the impact of supply chain management to Sony’s operational performance, the researcher will mention a special circumstance which involves Sony’s operational activities followed by interpreting the relevance of these special circumstances to the company’s supply chain management strategies. Supply chain management is referring to the study of operational process flow that includes business activities related to the purchasing of raw materials, conversion of raw materials into intermediate or finished products as well as the distribution of these products to the end consumers. (Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals, 2008) Supply chain strategy adopted by a company normally varies from one to another depending on the specific business organization goal that is implemented by the members of its top management level. Given that the cost of storing a large amount of raw material inventories can be costly on the part of the company, the purchasing manager

A Problem in the Field of Finance Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Problem in the Field of Finance - Article Example The accounting professionals consider it routine when they have to tell a lie or rip anyone off from their lives’ earnings. The real estate bubble was created in order to get people to buying lots of homes and lands. In the longer run perspective, these investments were not a set of good choices and those who sold these houses were well aware of their nature but regardless of that they pushed people into the extremely dangerous endeavors. This is not the whole story because banks sold mortgages in England on floating interest rates and when rates moved up then the families have to sell everything they had to their names only in order to go bankrupt. The business professionals shamelessly argued that â€Å"it is just business† but they do not know that they have lost being human during the process of fulfilling their filthy commercial responsibilities. The traditional accounting field became plagued with the presence of irregularities to an extent where financial reports have just become irrelevant for investors and they are making their decisions based on the organizational ability to pay dividend s on a regular basis if yes then they deserve the money otherwise investors take their money to some other fruitful opportunity (Leone & Liu, 2010). The accounting’s basic and fundamental purpose of â€Å"creating interest in shareholders† is dying out with the passage of time. Finally, I argue that one should attempt to remain as human as possible due to hardships in this venture. Accounting and financial crimes are unethical in nature and therefore, they have their solution in ethics (Dann & Haddow, 2008). The accounting professionals are supposed to commit themselves to higher standards of human life in order to become good at what they do. The force of Mother Nature blessed every human with a sense of right and wrong. At the end of the day, evil succumb to good and there is a historical proof of that as well. The result of

Fascism vs Communism Essay Example for Free

Fascism vs Communism Essay All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state. † Benito Mussolini I am writing about a host of differences between Italian Fascism and Soviet Communism. Yes, they both are totalitarian regimes, one under Lenin, then Stalin, who, in my opinion takes the cake for worst ever when it comes to the world’s extensive list of dictators, and Mussolini’s Fascist Regime, who ruled from 1922-1945, the last three years serving as a somewhat puppet ruler in northern Italy for Adolph Hitler, before his unfortunate and brutal death at the hands of partisans. Both nations were militarized, both were dictated, both were ruthless and oppressive to political and foreign enemies, and both were aligned to Nazi Germany at one point. But let’s be real, this is where any sort of comparison comes to a screeching halt. The March on Rome took place on Oct. 22 and last until the 29th of October, 1922. In a time of uncertainty, it was a daring and bold move, and thanks to no intervention by the military on King Emmanuel III’s orders, was a successful one. That week, around 30,000 â€Å"black shirts† assembled and helped bring about the establishment of a new regime, the National Fascist Party. On Oct. 28th, with the King’s blessings, â€Å"Il Duce† assumed all powers as a functioning Prime Minister, and Fascism became a welcome way of living to most Italians. Mussolini would be recognized as his regime slowly but surely took power as a hero to many across Europe at the time and a savior in a sense to his people. As for the Soviets, their rise to power came about as they were being thoroughly and clearly defeated by the Germans on the eastern front in the First World War. †Peace, Land, and Bread† were promised, but the people of Russia and the occupied nations under Soviet control would soon learn otherwise. Military reverses and losses were mounting, and Vladimir Lenin, the coward that he was, made promises that him and his communist state had no intention of following through with. After the treaty was signed, the oppression had to begin immediately to shout down the majority of the populations present complaints. The war began soon between the â€Å"Reds† and the â€Å"Whites†, and the masses suffering at the time of the civil war was only a sample of the taste of what the Soviet people were going to go through in the future. Once Stalin took over, he would over shadow both Hitler and Mussolini in their respective cruelness combined. â€Å"Fascism should rightly be called Corporatism, as it is the merger of corporate and government power. † This is a direct quote from Benito Mussolini, and Fascism more or less lived up to it. The glorious destiny and manifestation of the nation and its peoples were more important than the individual, something that was the extreme opposite of the supposed rights for all individuals of Communism, which purpose was to ensure rights for the factory workers over the factory owners, the poor masses over the rich elite, something that was precarious considering the Soviets were as a majority peasants, who, when coming to power under Lenin or Stalin, now had to watch themselves as any move deemed too right or wrong could get you killed in this backwards, barbaric communist state. As factory workers in a nation such as Fascist Italy, you might be working for less Lira and strikes were out of the question unless you didn’t value your own life, but it was necessary for the resurrection and rebirth of the Roman Empire, which Mussolini tried in earnest to turn Italy from a 2nd rate European Power to a World Power, which he in my opinion succeeded. While the Soviets, especially under Stalin, were also into updating their countries industrialization and economy, at the cost of literally millions of human lives. I’m not trying to say that Italy’s Fascism was a saint, as many thousands were locked away and or perished under Mussolini’s Regime, but literally tens of millions would die for this greater â€Å"communist† cause. While Mussolini was promoting successfully an increased birth rate, the Communist cause was killing people as fast as the bubonic plague. Let me put it this way, Communism protects the individual at the all costs, while Fascism protects the States interests, to the cost and sacrifice of the individual and his rights. And lastly, if Fascism had anything in common with Communism, Mussolini wouldn’t have sent a expeditionary force in with the axis after Operation Barabossa opened up. What was a force of 50,000 was expanded into the 200,000 strong 8th Italian Army, fighting with bravery, valor and even leading the last documented (and successful) cavalry charge against the Soviets on the eastern front. Both nations had intervened for their opposing sides during the Spanish Civil War, the Soviets for the republicans, Fascist clearly for â€Å"Il Caudillo† General Franco and his Nationalists. While both were revolutionist governments with a need for oppression, I admire the Nationalistic aspects of all Fascist regimes in Europe. Not saying that I agree with or condone genocide on any scale commited by Fascism like the Ustasha Regime of Croatia, The Iron Guard of Romania, or the Anti- Jewish laws enforced by Germany or Italy, But they fought with selflessness and sacrificed their lives for their nation, something Americans used to do and believe in, when this liberal change took over I don’t know. But you can bet your life that if this country suffered invasion from China, I’d defend with my life this coast as the Germans had Normandy. Or if we were invaded by Mexico, I’d defend our deserts as the Italian Parachute Division Folgore defended their African positions, to the last man. Bottom line: Communism has more differences than similarities with Fascism. Sources: Brutal Friendship: Mussolini, Hitler, and the fall of Italian Fascism, F. W. Deakin Wikipedia. com BrainyQuotes. com The Third Reich: a new history, Michael Burleigh

The Dispossessed and Invisible Man :: Invisible Man Essays

The Dispossessed and Invisible Man      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Darko Suvin defines science fiction as "a literary genre whose necessary and sufficient conditions are the presence and interaction of estrangement and cognition, and whose main formal device" (Suvin 7-8) is a fictional "novum . . . a totalizing phenomenon or relationship" (Suvin 64), "locus and/or dramatis personae . . . radically or at least significantly" alternative to the author's empirical environment "simultaneously perceived as not impossible within the cognitive (cosmological and anthropological) norms of the author's epoch" (Suvin viii). Unlike fantasy, science fiction is set in a realistic world, but one strange, alien. Only there are limits to how alien another world, another culture, can be, and it is the interface between those two realms that can give science fiction its power, by making us look back at ourselves from its skewed perspective.    The Dispossessed takes as its novum a general theory of time, illustrated by the paradox of a rock thrown at a tree, a rock that can never reach its target because "there's always half of the way left to go" (Le Guin 26). Shevek, Le Guin's protagonist and formulator of the general temporal theory, sees himself as one who "'unbuilds walls'" (Le Guin 289), as the "primal number, that [is] both unity and plurality" (Le Guin 30) crossing interfaces. Walls abound in The Dispossessed: the wall between Anarres and Urras (Le Guin 1-2), the wall that separates one individual from every other (Le Guin 6), the wall of social conscience (Le Guin 287), the wall between men and women (Le Guin 14-16), the wall of time--Zeno's paradox--the limit that prevents the rock from striking the tree (Le Guin 26).    But as Shevek knows, the rock does strike the tree; that is the joke (Le Guin 27). The wall can be crossed. He crosses it when he leaves Anarres; he crosses it in his love for Takver and Sadik; he crosses it with the Syndic of Iniative, and he crosses it with the Terrans and the Hainish. This need to "unbuild walls" is his "'cellular function,'" his "moral choice," but it is "process" and not "end," a "journey and return" and not merely a "repetitive, atemporal" cycle (Le Guin 290-291). The paradox of sequence and simultaneity is that nothing stays the same; it is not the same river going past the bank, or the same wind blowing through the same tree as last spring.